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Author : Farhad Daftary (ed) 
Title : Mediaeval Ismaili 

History and Thought 
Translator: Seif el-Din ai-Qassir 
AI Mada : Publishing Company 
First Edition 1998 
Copyright © Al mada 



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Al Mada : Publishing Company F.K.A. 

Nicosia - Cyprus , P.O.Box . : 7025 

Damascus - Syria , P.O.Box . : 8272 or 7366 . Tel: 2776864 , Fax: 2773992 

P.O. Box : 1 1 - 31 81 , Beirut - Lebanon, Fax : 961 1- 426252 



All rights reserved. No parts of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system , 
or transmitted in any form or by any means , electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or 
otherwise, without the prior permission, in writing, of the publisher. 



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. YA^ i J_^m*I i ^j^ ' YY^ L ^ i i w «^;*j i j^^l *i*& - "\* 

. ^ m. _ s . ^ l> , •« JjUjL ^^iJI.-w 

1 ,i l^J JU iLislu f_j-l yi ^jlll <UU*JI »jj» JjJju u-^j - "\Y 
(Die Solme Zikrawaihs) 

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. YWj» < Ja^j . tfj^l_ 

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. Yo^ ( JSj*. |^jI i ^ T\)» c ilLjl « tfjj^UI < dU i 

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m I • TT-Vuo , Y , ^Ji^JI , tfj^l ^1 , UH f.Y> ■ £L,L» , *jji j4 _ \VA 

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77 



n Numismatic Chronicle 



. A\j» i J_j— I i ij-Jjl < WY^a i UmIjS i *J_jiji i YV i Vo^ i JSj»- (>jI - '\ *iA 
' ljI^ ,ji _>SLj DHL. jJill LIm^JJI X^_pJI Sj»-_jj <LuJI l ^ 4 i.jj*Ll ig^jjull *ij*»JI Jj»- . ^\V 

Beitrager Zur Geschiohte Agyotens Unter clem Islam 

. UjjuUj w^a ■ Jjh»1 < j^jj] i UaiuL} v^a i u i (y v y . \ v y < tjj^jjiw) 

. YAt^ja . *5ja1iII . iii_j«~^JI _ y *\a 
. fAYjB ( jjUJI j.iw.aii _ \ ^^ 

, A \ _ A • QO fl ( 0(_ys 1 <J_J-w»' i (J* 1 ^^ - Y • • 

. A\ - A • i (j* < (j^LJI jJl^i^JI - y • y 
^»L*JI ,_il ^jjI *Ju>- tjajiaa-ij . YAY^p < {<^-£' (1H tr^ ' Lhi>^ _^Jajl < ^Y^ i ^ U ,«ljj < o^jj jJiM _ Y • T 

. V -ija i (\ '(OA ■ SyiLall) JLU.UI1 iljjJI f<JjU I |>~J- (^s*ljjl (J-"»- < ^ YAjo i Jilul ( lSjl,jZ*i\ ' _piil 

. IA\j<i ■ A. , jSi\ ^i\ i AY _ A\ a <» i J>»>i ( ^ujjJ _ Y • o 

. A N^p 1 UrKlljJ I *J_jijJ - Y • V 

. YYo», JJj* W l. Y.A 

. (( jULa U ^i liiljjW *4^lj » SjU **j *U ^1 (jijlij IJ&» _ Y • \ 

,^j| jy; jji'LJI jA <( t _Hw< jJI lJjj-JJI yi-^ad! » ^U < 0|jo i \ . < (BETRAGE) j^Lj i$ij « ILUoJLjj _ Y \ • 

. Y Y \ _ Y YA^ . ^UjjJ < U . (EXPOSE) « up^ » utSLl I~-ijiJI ,ys ^_£« _ Y Y S 
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i ^iji j&t\j i (^ ^Y . AY JJuJI) Revue De L'histoire des Religions ■ ii»<j jJ iAa Cs jj'j " ^ **«lji J^~Jj _ Y \ Y 
. AY _ o\>» i (^AY c jjJ- l^^)!) SjiLjl ;LLcU~/ill ^i CjL,l_ji t Ojs-* 

. ^ "\t -. \ ^A^ i m i Vful l t Ni. t jj^^ t ( c-wUuji - Y \ t. 
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. YAA,^. , C-v^^l , ^ jjJI ^1 _ Y ^ A 
JJi,y db, ^-Jj , UjjljUj- WVljo . (^^1A . ijjillll) (i/>&l ■ ju < 3^-UI ^j J_j-UI i liiljiJI- Y\V 

i yjijc. i ^^vUvji)) ^4 i>~"»m _p-l »^i i^JJI « ij-i^ yiLiJI l^j-iJI uj^* ^J*" "^«>^- < Cf ^^-* O^J 

. Ol^ (jll tjllSCll y—JJ rvJ- 1 ^" W' 0' (*j«iLi^l ic^J-dl ■ ilnl^ill) <J_j5 yj Jjjiju-U Uai.1 _ Y \ A 

, ((jJic^l^^UJlj^^lj-iUI,)' J»-JI 0I>lcj ■ X»._ ) i'\AU/ijj, AY^, Y f . JjIjJI, ^^^l^Jiii- V^^ 

78 



tiUA » UjllS ^ ...a'l j* ^jjAffLJU AImLaJI L^Aii* ,-9 t— 1 US ^ li L*JJJ . Y^ \ (J* I Ya. • JuU L**3 ^U»v^tf ^}£-*ij ijJ /W 

. Yo\y>i (\MV| JjaUII) (J^y) • Ju-iUII JLp A^JI ^ J^Ull i »JJJ_)jlj tSyj^iiJI' jlijl<( jl^.^1 

. VYV^a , <ull L*U- ■ eUJI fUii _ Y n 

,>j| jj*wj . (\ va Ojjtj) j^sliw. . ju ( J^JIj JUI «_iL^ £_>-* „* JVsllj < ,; «,ll < j^j-JI w 1 - * VT 
. \yv> i (^oo , aljju _ jjilill) £>ij£ll . jj. ^.jJI ^i _^«dl « ^iji^l _ vvi 

(Rivista degli Stu- iU* ,/ JjyLull <dll. ^i u^jwji iSjjj \ \ _ U t^a l fl» . .tv;.ll c £}j^JI ^1 - Y Yo 
,>• SjiiJ ua*^ J* ' tfjj'fll W' ■"*> ^JJ^ u' (V (^j Ju-il*.) ■ Yo Y,_p i *i "WY i \ Y jaJI i cli Orientule) 

. *J li)j< ^««a« U-i » U J»^ J^Aj u '«i,i.jjj i « iU»L»JI )) ijtS - 

>» li»j» ■ Lllill tvjjJU U~j j»j Jjiy , YA- JBjj < YYY<i ^J^ ii^U* , jLS^Sll jl£J < gj-.^l _ YY"\ 

, «fA*\Zc\ j\x, *Jc tf ill jj'tl £>U\j ^JicSlI 0-^.UJl 
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. Y\ \ ua , Yj. , -LjIjJI , j^tS* ^1 _ Y YA 
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v i^j|j . va , u^ (<^yy , ojd) ^LcL-^i v ^i ji j^s^ji oUi'j , ur^, f \j , JpijLl _ yt. 

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. YYVu* < ESQUISSE. o*h«^ • V^ , \ j . , BETRAGE, JL) _ YVS 

• VT i>> ' jLu , y4jAll , , \ W^ i 3jill , (^aljJJI . JlsJI ^^ (/c jtil _ YYY 

^i Jljsi ,>, j^iSUl (ii^uJ.UJI ,>e Lili^ ajUtL , tfjj^UI (Ji*. Jij , \ YYlp , iilJl , ^^iUll _ Y YV 

• (" ^ ' "'' j ^ »l * Uil UjIlJI ^usu 

. yyi^ , if , jjiiuli ■ tsj^i ^i i^ia, , ^rY ua , j;u , tsjj^l joc s^Ju. . Ytt 

• i - i -0 i >° ' V ' (>J^I ' |>*U*«JI _yj\ _ YY"\ 

l^li - lUljlll ji C.L31 j* ^ij^ll ^^Uj . UUl ^jU* .Uii SLUI^I ^|_^ J* jj^- J^u; ,^1 _ Y TV 

R. Fakkar, Al-Tanuhi et Son livre: la Delivrace Aprfcs I'nngoisse (Cairo, 1955), PP. 19. 109. 

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79 



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. Jj'^l j.aT^si jt_ Yf\ 

. oV^p c Y» . VJ^ ' *i^-"* i»l - Y IV 

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. UdiuUj A\y» ( J^t^l * o-A^ ' J - ^ ' t^-^ - ^ ^-^ 

. AA - AV^ i J_^*i»l i (^^ - Y * 

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Utj Jj*. lJ^IUjI *>.jlSl U U . Y \ _ Y • u» i (\ «i0 o)\V , BSOAS ii** <J Oj^ *J^ _jJiit . IJl^JI 

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ft >i_jlo JlU'il i»tc>tmJI Sfljill iljLi UijJj . I4J (jijJ ({^11 JuiLclft^v^l iliUajlrWoll tiil>X] 
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JuU ( ^ . \S/i -0 LUv 0I4J1 iu> ItlLill Sj_JJ (jJUwJI lUJjjj 



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114 



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The bibliography includes some basic works of reference and a selection of the pub- 
lished sources cited in the notes to the individual chapters. The abbreviations used in 
the bibliography are the same as those used in the notes. For a list of these abbrevia- 
tions see page xiii. 

WORKS OF REFERENCE 

Asani, Ali S. The Harvard Collection of Ismaili Literature in Indie Languages: A 

Descriptive Catalog and Finding Aid. Boston, 1992. 
Bacharach, Jere L. A Middle East Studies Handbook. Cambridge, 1984. 
Behn, Wolfgang H. Index Islamicus, 1665-1905. Millersville, Pa., 1989. 
Berthels, Andrei E. and Baqoev, M. Alphabetic Catalogue of Manuscripts found by 

1959-1963 Expedition in Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region, ed. B. G. 

Gafurov and A. M, Mirzoev. Moscow, 1967. 
Bosworth, C. Edmund. The Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical 

Handbook. Revised edn, Edinburgh, 1980. 
Brockelmann, Carl. Geschichte der arabischen Litteratur. 2nd edn, Leiden, 1943- 

1949. 

Geschichte der arabischen Litteratur. Supplementbande. Leiden, 1937-1942. 
Da'iratal-ma'arif-ibuzurg-iIslami[The Great Islamic Encyclopaedia], ed. K. Mu- 

savi Bojnurdi. Tehran, 1367- /1989- 
Encyclopaedia Iranica, ed. E. Yarshater. London, 1982- 
The Encyclopaedia of Islam, ed. H. A. R. Gibb et al. New edn, Leiden-London 

1960- 

The Encyclopaedia of Religion, ed. M. Eliade. London-New York, 1987. 
Freeman-Grenville, G.S.P. The Muslim and Christian Calendars. 2nd edn, London 
1977. 



307 



Gacek, Adam. Catalogue of Arabic Manuscripts in the Library of the Institute ofls- 
maili Studies. London, 1984-1985. 

Goriawala, Mu'izz. A Descriptive Catalogue of the Fyzee Collection of Ismaili Man- 
uscripts. Bombay, 1965. 

The Great Ismaili Heroes, ed. A.R. Kanji. Karachi, 1973. 

Handbook of Oriental History, ed. C.H. Philips. London, 1951. 

Handworterbuch des Islam, ed. AJ. Wensinck and J. H. Kramers. Leiden, 1941. 

Ivanow, Wladimir. A Guide to Ismaili Literature. London, 1933, 
Ismaili Literature: A Bibliographical Survey. Tehran, 1963, 

Lane-Poole, Stanley. The Mohammadan Dynasties. London, 1894. 

Modarressi Tabataba'i, Hossein. An Introduction to Shi'i Law: A Bibliographical 
Study. London, 1984. 

Netton, Ian R. A Popular Dictionary of Islam. London, 1992. 

Pearson, James D. Index Islamicus, 1906-1955. Cambridge, 1958. 
Index Islamicus, Supplement. Cambridge-London, 1962- 

Poonawala, Ismail K. Biobibliography oflsma'ili Literature. Malibu, Calif., 1977. 

Sauvaget, Jean. Introduction to the History of the Muslim East: A Bibliographical 
Guide, English translation based on the second edition as recast by Claude 
Cahen, Berkeley, 1965. 

Sezgin, Fuat. Geschichte des arabischen Schrifttums. Leiden, 1967- 

Shorter Encyclopaedia of Islam, ed. H.A.R. Gibb and J.H. Kramers. Leiden, 1953. 

Storey, Charles A. Persian Literature: A Bio-bibliographical Survey. London, 1927.. 
Revised Russian trans., Persidskaya literatura: Bio-bibliograficheskii abzor, 
ed. and tr. Yu. E. Bregel. Moscow, 1972. Persian trans., based on the Russian 
version, Adabiyyat-i Farsi, tr, Y, Ariyanpur et al. Tehran, 1362- / 1983- 

Tajdin, Nagib. A Bibliography of Ismailism, Delmar, N.Y., 1985. 

Zambaur, E. de. Manuel de g6nealogie et de chronologie pour l'histoire de 1' Islam. 
Hanover, 1927. 

PRIMARY SOURCES: TEXTS AND TRANSLATIONS 

'Abd al-Jabbar b. Ahmad al-Hamadhani. Tatbbit Dala'il al-nubuwwa, ed. 'A, 'Uth- 
man. Beirut, 1966-1968. 



Abu'1-Fida, al-Malik al-Mu'ayyad 'Imad al-Din Isma'il b. 'Ali. The Memoirs of a 

Syrian Prince, tr. P.M. Holt. Wiesbaden, 1983. 
Abu Firas, Shihab al-Din al-Maynaqi. Risalat matali al-Shumus, ed. 'A. Tamir, in 

his Arba' rasa'illsma'iliyya. Salamiyya, 1952, pp. 27-57. 
Akhbar al-Qaramita, ed. S. Zakkar. Damascus, 1400/1980. 

al-Amir bi-Ahkam Allah, Abu 'Ali al-Mansur. al-Hidaya al-Amiriyya, ed. A.A.A. 
Fyzee. Bombay, etc., 1933, reprinted in Majmu'at al-watha'iq al-Fatimiyya, 
ed. J. al-Shayyal. Cairo, 1958, pp. 203-230. 
al-Antaki, Yahya b. Sa'id. Ta'rikh, ed. L. Cheikho et al. Paris-Beirut, 1909; partial 
ed. and French trans. I. Kratchkovsky and A.A. Vasiliev, Histoire de Yabya- 
Ibn-Sa'id d'Antioche, in Patrologia Orientalis, 18 (1924), pp. 699-833, and 
23 (1932), pp. 347-520. 
'Araib b. Sa'd al-Qurtubi. Silat ta'rikh al-Tabari, ed. M.J. de Goeje. Leiden, 1879. 
al-Ash'ari, Abu'l-Hassan 'Ali b. Isma'il, Kitab maqalat al-Islamiyyn, eel. H. Ritter. 

Istanbul, 1929-1930; reprinted, Wiesbaden, 1963. 
al-Baghdadi, Abu Mansur 'Abd al-Qahir b. Tahir. al-Farq bayn al-firaq, ed. M.Z. 
al-Kawthari. Cairo, 1948. English trans, under the title Moslem Schisms and 
Sects, part I, tr. K. C. Seelye. New York, 1919; part II, tr. A.S. Halkin, Tel 
Aviv, 1935. 
al-Biruni, Abu'-Rayhan Muhammad b. Ahmad. al-Athar al-baqiya, ed. C.E. Sachau. 
Leipzig, 1878. English trans. C.E. Sachau, The Chronology of the Ancient 
Nations. London, 1879. 
al-Bundari, al-Fath b. 'Ali. Zubdat al-nusra wa-nukhbat al-'usra, ed. M. Th. Hout- 

sma. Leiden, 1889. 
Commentaire de la Qasida Ismaelienne d'Abu'l-Haitham Jorjani, attributed to Mu- 
hammad b. Surkh al-Nisaburi, ed. H. Corbin and M. Mu'in. Tehran-Paris, 1995. 
Dabistan-i madhabib, ed. R. Ridazada Malik. Tehran, 1362/1983. English trans. D. 

Shea and A. Troyer, The Dabistan, or School of Manners. London, 1901. 
al-Daylami, Muhammad b. al-Hasan. Bayan madhhab al-Batiniyya wa-butlanuhu, 

ed. R. Strothmann. Istanbul, 1939. 
Eutychii Patriarchae Alexandria Annales, anonymous continuation of Euthychius 
(Sa'id b. Bitriq), ed. L. Cheikho et al. Paris, 1909. 



309 



al-Ghazali, Abu Harnid Muhammad. Fada 'ih al-Batiniyya, ed. 'Abd al-Rahman Ba- 

dawi. Cairo, 1964. Abbreviated edition with commentary, in I. Goldziher, 

Streitschrift des Gazali gegen die Batinijja-Sekte. Leiden, 1916. 
Hafiz Abru, 'Abd Allah b. Lutf 'Ali al-Bihadadini. Majma' al-tawarikh al- 

sultaniyya; qismat-i khulafa-i 'Alawiyya-yi Maghrib va Misr va Nizariyan va 

rafiqan, ed. M. Mudarrisi Zanjani. Tehran, 1364/1985. 
Haft bab-i Baba Sayyidna, ed. W, Ivanow, in his two Early Ismaili Treatises. Bom- 

bary, 1933, pp. 4-44 English trans. M. Hodgson, in his Order of Assassins, 

pp. 279-324. 
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